Main Nutritional Lithogenic Factors in Diets of Polish Patients with Kidney Stones

Abstract

Background. Nutrition is one of the most important determinants of kidney stone formation. This study was designed to evaluate lithogenic factors in diet of patients with renal calculi. Materials and me­thods. 40 stone-formers without metabolic disorders stimulating stone formation (e.g. hyperparatyroidism, primary hyperoxaluria) were invited to the study. Antropometric measurements of nutritional status (BMI, WHR), analysis of body composition (BIA), quality and quantitative analysis of patients’ eating habits ­(3-day food records) were conducted. Results. Half of patients were overweight or obese. Their diets contained high amounts of protein, fat, phosphorus, vitamin C and low amounts of fluid, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B₆. Protein consumption was positively correlated with uric acid intake in diets (r = 0.78), and body weight with dietary fat intake (r = 0.58) and uric acid intake (r = 0.55). Conclusions. Complete treatment of nephrolithiasis should include nutritional therapy. No change in customary diets of patients with renal calculi can stimulate lithogenesis process.