The Reference List Guidelines

Kidneys follows the Vancouver citation style according to the National Library of Medicine (NLM) standards.

All references must be:

  • numbered consecutively in the order cited in the text

  • written using Latin script only

  • verified by the authors for accuracy

  • as recent as possible (preferably from the last 5–7 years)

  • taken primarily from peer-reviewed journals indexed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science

  • accompanied by a DOI whenever available

The journal discourages:

  • excessive self-citations

  • citations from non-scholarly sources

  • conference abstracts, dissertations, textbooks, and non-indexed journals (unless essential)

Automatic reference exporters must be checked manually by the authors.

Formatting Requirements

✔ Reference list uses Arabic numerals in the order cited

✔ Journal titles should be in NLM abbreviated format

✔ Include:

  • authors

  • article title

  • journal title

  • year

  • volume(issue):pages

  • DOI

Examples

1. Journal Articles

  1. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1713-1722. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1615664.

  2. Kienreich K, Tomaschitz A, Verheyen N. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. 2013;5(8):3005-3021. doi:10.3390/nu5083005.

  3. Beaugerie L, Brousse N, Bouvier AM, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet. 2009;374:1617-1625.

2. Books

  1. Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2014.

  2. Nelson RW, Couto CG. Small Animal Internal Medicine. 5th ed. New York: Mosby; 2014.

3. Book Chapters

  1. Kemppainen R. Principles of Endocrinology. In: Bruyette D, editor. Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2020. p. 135-147. doi:10.1057/clinanim1615856.

4. Conference Papers

  1. Sulkowski M, Krishnan P, Tripathi R. Effect of baseline resistance-associated variants on SVR with the 3D regimen plus RBV. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI); 2016; Boston, MA.

  2. Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG. Germ cell tumours V. In: Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002.

5. Web References

  1. European Medicines Agency. Summary of Product Characteristics: Humira (adalimumab). Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/. Accessed: December 29, 2015.

  2. Danish National Institute for Health Data and Disease Control. Available from: https://www.ssi.dk/. Accessed: February 27, 2016.